In chapter 18 the book divides it into two parts. The first part is using design effectively and the second part is knowing the design elements to use.
In the first part, your can use design effectively by :
Understanding design principles - balance, emphasis, placement, repetition, consistently.
Design for a purpose- well designed documents presents info, ideas, and arguments in a way that helps accomplish our purpose.
Design for your readers - help your reader understand the organization of a document. Help them locate info an ideas. Help them recognize the function of parts of a document.
Design to address genera conventions.
The second part, knowing what design elements to use.
Use fonts, line spacing, and alignment - the most common element used by writers
Use page layout elements - how much white space to do you want, how big of a heading, page numbers, footers etc
Use color, sharing, borders, and rules - this can make the overall attractiveness of your paper 10x better.
Use illustration - photographs, charts and graphs, tables, other digital illustrations
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